AI Factories are EU-supported ecosystems that combine EuroHPC supercomputing capacity, data and expertise to develop trustworthy, cutting‑edge generative AI models and applications. They connect supercomputing centres, universities, SMEs, industry and finance to accelerate AI innovation across sectors such as health, manufacturing, climate, finance and space, with an emphasis on access for startups and SMEs.
Key elements:
Purpose: provide high-performance, AI-optimised computing resources and support services to train and deploy advanced AI models while promoting trustworthiness and compliance with EU values and the AI Act. Governance and support: the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (JU) offers access to computing time and services; the European Commission, European AI Office and related initiatives (Testing and Experimentation Facilities, European Digital Innovation Hubs) coordinate and network resources. Scale-up instruments: the InvestAI Facility proposes a €20 billion fund to support up to five AI Gigafactories—large facilities for training trillion-parameter models requiring massive processor counts, power capacity, networking and energy efficiency. Deployment timeline and scope: through 2025–2026 the EU aims to have at least 15 AI Factories and several Antennas operational and to procure at least nine new AI‑optimised supercomputers, more than tripling current EuroHPC AI capacity. Selection rounds: the EuroHPC JU selected seven consortia in December 2024 (Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain, Sweden), six more in March 2025 (Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Poland, Slovenia), and announced another six in October 2025 (Czech Republic, Lithuania, Netherlands, Romania, Spain, Poland) alongside 13 Antennas including several partner countries (Iceland, Moldova, North Macedonia, Serbia, Switzerland, UK). Investment: combined public and member/state investments in supercomputing and AI Factories are expected to reach about €10 billion for 2021–2027. The initiative aims to create a pan‑EU AI ecosystem that balances technological leadership (via compute, training, and Gigafactories) with regulatory compliance, access for innovators, and coordinated public‑private investment.
...